World's Most Interesting Places Vol. 14 | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

Every year on Marty Gro morning, Every year on Marty Gro morning, something extraordinary emerges from the something extraordinary emerges from the something extraordinary emerges from the back streets of New Orleans. Groups of back streets of New Orleans. Groups of back streets of New Orleans. Groups of black revelers most tourists will never black revelers most tourists will never black revelers most tourists will never see. They call themselves Martyra see. They call themselves Martyra see. They call themselves Martyra Indians or black masking Indians and Indians or black masking Indians and Indians or black masking Indians and they roam the city's neighborhoods in they roam the city's neighborhoods in they roam the city's neighborhoods in dazzling handsewn suits. As we first dazzling handsewn suits. As we first dazzling handsewn suits. As we first told you in April, the tradition dates told you in April, the tradition dates told you in April, the tradition dates to the 1800s as a way to honor their to the 1800s as a way to honor their to the 1800s as a way to honor their ancestors and according to Martyra ancestors and according to Martyra ancestors and according to Martyra Indian lore is rooted in profound Indian lore is rooted in profound Indian lore is rooted in profound respect for Native Americans said to respect for Native Americans said to respect for Native Americans said to have sheltered enslaved Africans who had have sheltered enslaved Africans who had have sheltered enslaved Africans who had escaped. It's an expression of joy, escaped. It's an expression of joy, escaped. It's an expression of joy, protest, and pride passed from protest, and pride passed from protest, and pride passed from generation to generation. Tonight, generation to generation. Tonight, generation to generation. Tonight, you'll meet the artists and musicians you'll meet the artists and musicians you'll meet the artists and musicians preserving the culture and take in the preserving the culture and take in the preserving the culture and take in the sights and sounds of one of America's sights and sounds of one of America's sights and sounds of one of America's last true secret societies. If you're lucky enough to find them, If you're lucky enough to find them, you'll discover a vibrant tapestry of you'll discover a vibrant tapestry of you'll discover a vibrant tapestry of African, Caribbean, and Native American African, Caribbean, and Native American African, Caribbean, and Native American threads.

threads. threads. Part of the cultural gumbo that is New Part of the cultural gumbo that is New Part of the cultural gumbo that is New Orleans. >> These extravagant suits, plumemed, >> These extravagant suits, plumemed, bejeweled, beaded, and sequined, are bejeweled, beaded, and sequined, are bejeweled, beaded, and sequined, are handcrafted in secret for an entire year handcrafted in secret for an entire year handcrafted in secret for an entire year to be unveiled on Martyra day. >> Chawa, that's Big Chief Dean Milansson >> Chawa, that's Big Chief Dean Milansson of the Young Seol Hunters announcing his of the Young Seol Hunters announcing his of the Young Seol Hunters announcing his arrival. Cha. Who the best? Who got the best bead Cha. Who the best? Who got the best bead work? Who got the best rhinestones? Who work? Who got the best rhinestones? Who work? Who got the best rhinestones? Who could sing the best? could sing the best? could sing the best? >> Who got the biggest tribe? Who don't? >> Who got the biggest tribe? Who don't? >> Who got the biggest tribe? Who don't? That's what it is. That's what it is. That's what it is. >> There are dozens of groups calling >> There are dozens of groups calling >> There are dozens of groups calling themselves tribes. The leader is known themselves tribes. The leader is known themselves tribes. The leader is known as the big chief who along with his big as the big chief who along with his big as the big chief who along with his big queen and their crew strut through queen and their crew strut through queen and their crew strut through historically black neighborhoods historically black neighborhoods historically black neighborhoods searching for other tribes. searching for other tribes. searching for other tribes. When big chief de man meets another big When big chief de man meets another big When big chief de man meets another big chief big chief chief big chief chief big chief wow.

wow. wow. >> They square off in mock battle competing >> They square off in mock battle competing >> They square off in mock battle competing to show whose suit is in their words the to show whose suit is in their words the to show whose suit is in their words the prettiest. prettiest. prettiest. >> We saw Dean face down tribes all over >> We saw Dean face down tribes all over >> We saw Dean face down tribes all over the city. the city. the city. >> What just happened back there? It looked >> What just happened back there? It looked >> What just happened back there? It looked like he just bowed out. like he just bowed out. like he just bowed out. >> But you won. >> But you won. >> But you won. >> Yeah. I think you're the prettiest. >> Yeah. I think you're the prettiest. >> Yeah. I think you're the prettiest. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. We on fire. >> Yeah. We on fire. >> Yeah. We on fire. >> We on fire. Who are you on Marty Grande? Who are you on Marty Grande? >> When I put that suit on, I'm Big Chief >> When I put that suit on, I'm Big Chief >> When I put that suit on, I'm Big Chief De Malonesome. Call it. Is De Malonesome. Call it. Is De Malonesome. Call it. Is >> that different from the Deman who's >> that different from the Deman who's >> that different from the Deman who's sitting here in front of me now? sitting here in front of me now? sitting here in front of me now? >> Yes, indeed. Yes, indeed. >> Yes, indeed. Yes, indeed. >> Yes, indeed. Yes, indeed. >> How different. >> How different. >> How different. >> Somebody that's ready to honor >> Somebody that's ready to honor >> Somebody that's ready to honor everything that I was taught by my everything that I was taught by my everything that I was taught by my elders. And I'm ready to kill you dead elders. And I'm ready to kill you dead elders. And I'm ready to kill you dead with the needle and thread. with the needle and thread. with the needle and thread. >> Needle and thread to do the work of his >> Needle and thread to do the work of his >> Needle and thread to do the work of his heart and hands. Big Chief Demand and heart and hands. Big Chief Demand and heart and hands. Big Chief Demand and his wife Alicia, meticulous as surgeons, his wife Alicia, meticulous as surgeons, his wife Alicia, meticulous as surgeons, sew beads the size of chia seeds on a sew beads the size of chia seeds on a sew beads the size of chia seeds on a canvas and stitch rhinestones in place canvas and stitch rhinestones in place canvas and stitch rhinestones in place with dental floss.

with dental floss. with dental floss. >> Painting with beads, making artwork for >> Painting with beads, making artwork for >> Painting with beads, making artwork for his suit. his suit. his suit. >> What to you makes a suit pretty? The >> What to you makes a suit pretty? The >> What to you makes a suit pretty? The hookup. What do you mean? How it's laid hookup. What do you mean? How it's laid hookup. What do you mean? How it's laid out, how the velvet gets around it, how out, how the velvet gets around it, how out, how the velvet gets around it, how you break the feathers, how you you break the feathers, how you you break the feathers, how you manipulate the feathers, how many rows manipulate the feathers, how many rows manipulate the feathers, how many rows of rhinestones you have around the bead of rhinestones you have around the bead of rhinestones you have around the bead work. That's the perfection of knowing work. That's the perfection of knowing work. That's the perfection of knowing your hookup if you're that good. Oh wow. your hookup if you're that good. Oh wow. your hookup if you're that good. Oh wow. >> This year's suit tells the story of the >> This year's suit tells the story of the >> This year's suit tells the story of the Amastad, a slave ship seized by the Amastad, a slave ship seized by the Amastad, a slave ship seized by the captive Africans in 1839, captive Africans in 1839, captive Africans in 1839, led by a man called Sinc. led by a man called Sinc. led by a man called Sinc. This panel shows when the Africans won This panel shows when the Africans won This panel shows when the Africans won their freedom in a case that went to the their freedom in a case that went to the their freedom in a case that went to the US Supreme Court. US Supreme Court. US Supreme Court. >> Look at this. >> Look at this. >> Look at this. >> John Quincy Adam. He was one of the >> John Quincy Adam. He was one of the >> John Quincy Adam. He was one of the lawyers on the case. lawyers on the case. lawyers on the case. >> My god. So, you're doing this like >> My god. So, you're doing this like >> My god. So, you're doing this like non-stop. non-stop. non-stop. >> I sold some 6:00 in the morning to 12 at >> I sold some 6:00 in the morning to 12 at >> I sold some 6:00 in the morning to 12 at night. night. night. >> And this is every day. >> And this is every day. >> And this is every day. >> Every day. Every day. >> Every day. Every day. >> Every day. Every day. >> Why? >> Why? >> Why? >> I said, man, >> I said, man, >> I said, man, it's it without these beads, I couldn't it's it without these beads, I couldn't it's it without these beads, I couldn't breathe.

breathe. breathe. >> And every breath is hardearned. It can >> And every breath is hardearned. It can >> And every breath is hardearned. It can take thousands of dollars and thousands take thousands of dollars and thousands take thousands of dollars and thousands of hours to design and sew a suit. For of hours to design and sew a suit. For of hours to design and sew a suit. For years, Big Chief Dean was laying years, Big Chief Dean was laying years, Big Chief Dean was laying concrete and cooking lobsters, pouring concrete and cooking lobsters, pouring concrete and cooking lobsters, pouring all his spare time and money into his all his spare time and money into his all his spare time and money into his creations. He now makes a living as an creations. He now makes a living as an creations. He now makes a living as an artist. This year's suit cost $25,000. artist. This year's suit cost $25,000. artist. This year's suit cost $25,000. But this flamboyant display is not a But this flamboyant display is not a But this flamboyant display is not a beauty pageant. It's the flowering of beauty pageant. It's the flowering of beauty pageant. It's the flowering of deep roots. deep roots. deep roots. >> The community is what makes me It's my >> The community is what makes me It's my >> The community is what makes me It's my fuel. The people, fuel. The people, fuel. The people, >> your fuel. >> your fuel. >> your fuel. >> Yeah. infuse the fire because you doing >> Yeah. infuse the fire because you doing >> Yeah. infuse the fire because you doing it for them like you do this for your it for them like you do this for your it for them like you do this for your community and your people. community and your people. community and your people. >> It is the greatest kept secret in >> It is the greatest kept secret in >> It is the greatest kept secret in America. Been throughout the world today America. Been throughout the world today America. Been throughout the world today is the Martyra Indian culture. This is the Martyra Indian culture. This is the Martyra Indian culture. This culture is dates back to the slavery culture is dates back to the slavery culture is dates back to the slavery days. days. days. >> I have hope. >> I have hope. >> I have hope. >> Howard Miller is the president of the >> Howard Miller is the president of the >> Howard Miller is the president of the Martyra Indian Council, a governing body Martyra Indian Council, a governing body Martyra Indian Council, a governing body for the tribes and chief of the Creole for the tribes and chief of the Creole for the tribes and chief of the Creole Wild West. He told us it's a culture Wild West. He told us it's a culture Wild West. He told us it's a culture shaped by resistance to oppression and shaped by resistance to oppression and shaped by resistance to oppression and sustained by resilience.

sustained by resilience. sustained by resilience. >> How would you explain the Marty GR >> How would you explain the Marty GR >> How would you explain the Marty GR Indians to people who don't have a clue Indians to people who don't have a clue Indians to people who don't have a clue what they're about? what they're about? what they're about? >> Well, we weren't allowed to go to those >> Well, we weren't allowed to go to those >> Well, we weren't allowed to go to those big parades and stuff. So, this in our big parades and stuff. So, this in our big parades and stuff. So, this in our community was about uplifting our people community was about uplifting our people community was about uplifting our people in a proudly manner. in a proudly manner. in a proudly manner. There's no one definitive origin story, There's no one definitive origin story, There's no one definitive origin story, but historians have found references to but historians have found references to but historians have found references to the tradition dating back to the mid the tradition dating back to the mid the tradition dating back to the mid 1800s. According to stories passed down 1800s. According to stories passed down 1800s. According to stories passed down through generations when enslaved people through generations when enslaved people through generations when enslaved people escape New Orleans, Native Americans in escape New Orleans, Native Americans in escape New Orleans, Native Americans in the bayus gave them refuge. Today, many the bayus gave them refuge. Today, many the bayus gave them refuge. Today, many tribe members claim indigenous and tribe members claim indigenous and tribe members claim indigenous and African roots. Masking, some say, began African roots. Masking, some say, began African roots. Masking, some say, began as a way to honor those indigenous as a way to honor those indigenous as a way to honor those indigenous tribes while disguising or masking their tribes while disguising or masking their tribes while disguising or masking their African identity. African identity. African identity. >> Because here in America, especially here >> Because here in America, especially here >> Because here in America, especially here in the south, everything about Africa in the south, everything about Africa in the south, everything about Africa was forbidden. So, we went behind a mass was forbidden. So, we went behind a mass was forbidden. So, we went behind a mass as to practice our culture. as to practice our culture. as to practice our culture. >> Was it easy to join a tribe? >> Was it easy to join a tribe? >> Was it easy to join a tribe? >> No, it wasn't. In 1969, it took then >> No, it wasn't. In 1969, it took then >> No, it wasn't. In 1969, it took then 12-year-old Howard Miller six weeks just 12-year-old Howard Miller six weeks just 12-year-old Howard Miller six weeks just to get in the door of a big chief's to get in the door of a big chief's to get in the door of a big chief's house, the trib's headquarters.

house, the trib's headquarters. house, the trib's headquarters. >> I had a friend of mine, he was in it, >> I had a friend of mine, he was in it, >> I had a friend of mine, he was in it, and I would um go around there with him and I would um go around there with him and I would um go around there with him trying to get in, but they wouldn't let trying to get in, but they wouldn't let trying to get in, but they wouldn't let me in the gate. I me in the gate. I me in the gate. I >> wouldn't even let you in the gate. >> wouldn't even let you in the gate. >> wouldn't even let you in the gate. >> No, I had to stay outside the yard while >> No, I had to stay outside the yard while >> No, I had to stay outside the yard while he go in there. Eventually, I got on the he go in there. Eventually, I got on the he go in there. Eventually, I got on the porch and I was watching all this [ __ ] porch and I was watching all this [ __ ] porch and I was watching all this [ __ ] magic with the suits and what they was magic with the suits and what they was magic with the suits and what they was doing and it started rainstorm, thunder, doing and it started rainstorm, thunder, doing and it started rainstorm, thunder, lightning, raining hard. I'm getting wet lightning, raining hard. I'm getting wet lightning, raining hard. I'm getting wet and the chief said, "Is that boy still and the chief said, "Is that boy still and the chief said, "Is that boy still on the porch?" And somebody said, "Yep, on the porch?" And somebody said, "Yep, on the porch?" And somebody said, "Yep, tell that boy to come on in here." tell that boy to come on in here." tell that boy to come on in here." That's how I got in the house. That's how I got in the house. That's how I got in the house. >> We visited the home of Joseph Pierre >> We visited the home of Joseph Pierre >> We visited the home of Joseph Pierre Budro, better known as Big Chief Monk of Budro, better known as Big Chief Monk of Budro, better known as Big Chief Monk of the Golden Eagles tribe. Big chiefs the Golden Eagles tribe. Big chiefs the Golden Eagles tribe. Big chiefs aren't just heads of their tribes. aren't just heads of their tribes. aren't just heads of their tribes. They're mentors and community leaders. They're mentors and community leaders. They're mentors and community leaders. And Big Chief Monk is one of the most And Big Chief Monk is one of the most And Big Chief Monk is one of the most respected. But the workingclass respected. But the workingclass respected. But the workingclass neighborhoods that sustain the tribes neighborhoods that sustain the tribes neighborhoods that sustain the tribes have been thinned and scattered by have been thinned and scattered by have been thinned and scattered by Hurricane Katrina and gentrification. Hurricane Katrina and gentrification. Hurricane Katrina and gentrification. 84year-old Monk Budro is determined to 84year-old Monk Budro is determined to 84year-old Monk Budro is determined to hold on to the community and legacy and hold on to the community and legacy and hold on to the community and legacy and is preparing for his 72nd year of is preparing for his 72nd year of is preparing for his 72nd year of masking.

masking. masking. We going to do it. We going to do it. We going to do it. We going to do it. We going to do it. We going to do it. Let the world know that we here and Let the world know that we here and Let the world know that we here and we've been here. We ain't just got here. we've been here. We ain't just got here. we've been here. We ain't just got here. We've been here. You ain't going to see We've been here. You ain't going to see We've been here. You ain't going to see that. that. that. >> We joined the Bros in a sewing circle >> We joined the Bros in a sewing circle >> We joined the Bros in a sewing circle before Marty Gro. For decades, Big Chief before Marty Gro. For decades, Big Chief before Marty Gro. For decades, Big Chief Monk sewed suits for his children and Monk sewed suits for his children and Monk sewed suits for his children and grandchildren. This year, they gathered grandchildren. This year, they gathered grandchildren. This year, they gathered and helped him sew his. my whole and helped him sew his. my whole and helped him sew his. my whole family's talent, you know, by just family's talent, you know, by just family's talent, you know, by just sitting there watching me for all these sitting there watching me for all these sitting there watching me for all these years, you know, as kids. They were years, you know, as kids. They were years, you know, as kids. They were always right there while I was sewing. always right there while I was sewing. always right there while I was sewing. Sitting right there Sitting right there Sitting right there all night long. all night long. all night long. >> All those long hours of sewing inspired >> All those long hours of sewing inspired >> All those long hours of sewing inspired a song. In the 1970s, In the 1970s, >> Monk was one of the first to marry Marty >> Monk was one of the first to marry Marty >> Monk was one of the first to marry Marty Gro Indian chants to New Orleans fun. Gro Indian chants to New Orleans fun. Gro Indian chants to New Orleans fun. His albums earned two Grammy His albums earned two Grammy His albums earned two Grammy nominations. His son Joseph and grandson nominations. His son Joseph and grandson nominations. His son Joseph and grandson Jan often sang backup.

Jan often sang backup. Jan often sang backup. We met them, Monk's daughter Winoa, and We met them, Monk's daughter Winoa, and We met them, Monk's daughter Winoa, and grandson Marwan, at one of Monk's grandson Marwan, at one of Monk's grandson Marwan, at one of Monk's favorite New Orleans clubs, Tippetas. favorite New Orleans clubs, Tippetas. favorite New Orleans clubs, Tippetas. What's his impact on the culture? What's his impact on the culture? What's his impact on the culture? >> The impact that Michael Jordan had on >> The impact that Michael Jordan had on >> The impact that Michael Jordan had on basketball. I'll put it like that. basketball. I'll put it like that. basketball. I'll put it like that. >> Like you can't mention Migra without Mo. >> Like you can't mention Migra without Mo. >> Like you can't mention Migra without Mo. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. >> Our achievement. >> Our achievement. >> Our achievement. >> I never saw him take a break. Like I >> I never saw him take a break. Like I >> I never saw him take a break. Like I never say I never saw him say, "Oh, this never say I never saw him say, "Oh, this never say I never saw him say, "Oh, this year I'm not coming." year I'm not coming." year I'm not coming." >> You know, my father, he took something >> You know, my father, he took something >> You know, my father, he took something that was made for the culture in the that was made for the culture in the that was made for the culture in the streets and he was one of the pioneers streets and he was one of the pioneers streets and he was one of the pioneers that took it global. There's not a that took it global. There's not a that took it global. There's not a person in the city of New Orleans that person in the city of New Orleans that person in the city of New Orleans that sews an Indian suit and they don't put sews an Indian suit and they don't put sews an Indian suit and they don't put on his music. on his music. on his music. >> Big Chief Demand included. >> That man make me cry. >> That man make me cry. >> He do me something. >> He do me something. >> He do me something. >> He's moved by the music and the weight >> He's moved by the music and the weight >> He's moved by the music and the weight of his calling. The expense almost left of his calling. The expense almost left of his calling. The expense almost left him destitute.

him destitute. him destitute. You sacrificed a lot to make these You sacrificed a lot to make these You sacrificed a lot to make these suits. suits. suits. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> You lost a house because you were so >> You lost a house because you were so >> You lost a house because you were so consumed with making your suit. consumed with making your suit. consumed with making your suit. >> Yeah. Yeah. Because it's it's hard. >> Yeah. Yeah. Because it's it's hard. >> Yeah. Yeah. Because it's it's hard. >> I know it's hard, but it's hard. >> I know it's hard, but it's hard. >> I know it's hard, but it's hard. >> Losing a house didn't make you stop. >> Losing a house didn't make you stop. >> Losing a house didn't make you stop. >> What? Why? Why? >> What? Why? Why? >> What? Why? Why? >> Cuz you got put out of your house. >> Cuz you got put out of your house. >> Cuz you got put out of your house. >> No. Indeed. I I'm I'm preserving a >> No. Indeed. I I'm I'm preserving a >> No. Indeed. I I'm I'm preserving a culture. culture. culture. >> And the fine art world has taken notice. >> And the fine art world has taken notice. >> And the fine art world has taken notice. His suits and beaded portraits have been His suits and beaded portraits have been His suits and beaded portraits have been displayed in museums and galleries all displayed in museums and galleries all displayed in museums and galleries all over the world. It's allowed him to buy over the world. It's allowed him to buy over the world. It's allowed him to buy a new house, every inch of which was a new house, every inch of which was a new house, every inch of which was covered with plumes and patches the covered with plumes and patches the covered with plumes and patches the evening before Martyra. evening before Martyra. evening before Martyra. >> Y'all ready? >> Y'all ready? >> Y'all ready? >> After working through the night, Big >> After working through the night, Big >> After working through the night, Big Chief Demand emerged transformed in a Chief Demand emerged transformed in a Chief Demand emerged transformed in a suit that stood more than 10 feet tall suit that stood more than 10 feet tall suit that stood more than 10 feet tall and weighed 120 pounds. He used a U-Haul and weighed 120 pounds. He used a U-Haul and weighed 120 pounds. He used a U-Haul to move from place to place, but he to move from place to place, but he to move from place to place, but he tells us there was something else tells us there was something else tells us there was something else carrying him along.

carrying him along. carrying him along. >> The spirits come down every time we put >> The spirits come down every time we put >> The spirits come down every time we put it on, especially with me, you know. Um, it on, especially with me, you know. Um, it on, especially with me, you know. Um, my elders live through me. And it's a my elders live through me. And it's a my elders live through me. And it's a opening of the gates. That means they opening of the gates. That means they opening of the gates. That means they came down, they coming through me to came down, they coming through me to came down, they coming through me to walk in their shoes walk in their shoes walk in their shoes >> on the streets of New Orleans like they >> on the streets of New Orleans like they >> on the streets of New Orleans like they taught us. So what we doing is we taught us. So what we doing is we taught us. So what we doing is we preserving it for that next generation preserving it for that next generation preserving it for that next generation to be able to walk like I walk. It's to be able to walk like I walk. It's to be able to walk like I walk. It's going to change my life. going to change my life. going to change my life. >> The spirits it seems are opening other >> The spirits it seems are opening other >> The spirits it seems are opening other gates for him. This suit is currently on gates for him. This suit is currently on gates for him. This suit is currently on display at the Venice Bianali in Italy, display at the Venice Bianali in Italy, display at the Venice Bianali in Italy, the world's most prestigious art the world's most prestigious art the world's most prestigious art exhibition. exhibition. exhibition. >> Do you think your success in the art >> Do you think your success in the art >> Do you think your success in the art world will encourage a younger world will encourage a younger world will encourage a younger generation to carry on with this generation to carry on with this generation to carry on with this culture? culture? culture? >> I pray it does. And I pray one of them >> I pray it does. And I pray one of them >> I pray it does. And I pray one of them picks up a needle and want to do what I picks up a needle and want to do what I picks up a needle and want to do what I do. You know, do. You know, do. You know, >> preserving tradition for the next >> preserving tradition for the next >> preserving tradition for the next generation. We heard that a lot here. generation. We heard that a lot here. generation. We heard that a lot here. It's what Big Chief Monk lives for. But It's what Big Chief Monk lives for. But It's what Big Chief Monk lives for. But this year, he was too weak to march with this year, he was too weak to march with this year, he was too weak to march with his tribe. Just before Mardigra, he was his tribe. Just before Mardigra, he was his tribe. Just before Mardigra, he was diagnosed with cancer.

But he came out on his porch to see the But he came out on his porch to see the tribe off with the Marty Gro Indians tribe off with the Marty Gro Indians tribe off with the Marty Gro Indians most sacred hymn. >> What's it like for you to see your tribe >> What's it like for you to see your tribe march off and you're not joining them march off and you're not joining them march off and you're not joining them this year? this year? this year? >> Well, I knew that time was going to >> Well, I knew that time was going to >> Well, I knew that time was going to come, but I didn't know when. But you come, but I didn't know when. But you come, but I didn't know when. But you got to see this day. Yeah, right. Well, got to see this day. Yeah, right. Well, got to see this day. Yeah, right. Well, I was going to see this day. I was going to see this day. I was going to see this day. >> And the day is coming, he told us for >> And the day is coming, he told us for >> And the day is coming, he told us for him to pass his crown on to the next him to pass his crown on to the next him to pass his crown on to the next chief. chief. chief. >> Like I say, if you don't keep it going, >> Like I say, if you don't keep it going, >> Like I say, if you don't keep it going, if you lose it, it's gone forever. It's if you lose it, it's gone forever. It's if you lose it, it's gone forever. It's finished. And that thing just finished. And that thing just finished. And that thing just disappeared. disappeared. disappeared. I'm not here in New Orleans. I'm not here in New Orleans. I'm not here in New Orleans. >> Not here in New Orleans. >> Not here in New Orleans. >> Not here in New Orleans. >> No. America. >> No. America. >> No. America. >> You keep it rolling. >> You keep it rolling. >> You keep it rolling. Keeping it rolling and chanting and Keeping it rolling and chanting and Keeping it rolling and chanting and showing off. A culture in full bloom. showing off. A culture in full bloom. showing off. A culture in full bloom. Too pretty, too rooted to fade just yet.

>> The coastal waters around Cape Town, >> The coastal waters around Cape Town, South Africa, have long teamed with South Africa, have long teamed with South Africa, have long teamed with great white sharks. But about 10 years great white sharks. But about 10 years great white sharks. But about 10 years ago, carcasses of these feared predators ago, carcasses of these feared predators ago, carcasses of these feared predators began washing up on beaches with their began washing up on beaches with their began washing up on beaches with their livers missing. Now, it's hard to find livers missing. Now, it's hard to find livers missing. Now, it's hard to find any great whites. Tonight, a story that any great whites. Tonight, a story that any great whites. Tonight, a story that has all the hallmarks of a who done it. has all the hallmarks of a who done it. has all the hallmarks of a who done it. One that's fueled a bitter feud among One that's fueled a bitter feud among One that's fueled a bitter feud among scientists and conservationists who scientists and conservationists who scientists and conservationists who can't agree on who or what is the real can't agree on who or what is the real can't agree on who or what is the real culprit. As we first reported in April, culprit. As we first reported in April, culprit. As we first reported in April, they do agree on one thing. The great they do agree on one thing. The great they do agree on one thing. The great white sharks that once cruised these white sharks that once cruised these white sharks that once cruised these waters are gone. For as long as anyone can remember, the For as long as anyone can remember, the ocean off Cape Town was the best place ocean off Cape Town was the best place ocean off Cape Town was the best place in the world to see great whites. There were plenty of smaller sharks for There were plenty of smaller sharks for them to hunt and tens of thousands of them to hunt and tens of thousands of them to hunt and tens of thousands of seals which live on a small stretch of seals which live on a small stretch of seals which live on a small stretch of rock nearby called Seal Island. Early each morning, with a little luck, Early each morning, with a little luck, you could catch sight of these majestic you could catch sight of these majestic you could catch sight of these majestic predators flying out of the water.

>> That was unbelievable. >> That was unbelievable. >> Until a little more than a decade ago, >> Until a little more than a decade ago, >> Until a little more than a decade ago, Chris Fallows, a photographer and Chris Fallows, a photographer and Chris Fallows, a photographer and naturalist, used to see 250 to 300 naturalist, used to see 250 to 300 naturalist, used to see 250 to 300 different great white sharks a year. The different great white sharks a year. The different great white sharks a year. The images he took back then are amongst the images he took back then are amongst the images he took back then are amongst the most breathtaking of the natural world. most breathtaking of the natural world. most breathtaking of the natural world. >> It's a sight you you never forget. You >> It's a sight you you never forget. You >> It's a sight you you never forget. You know, I still kind of get that tingly know, I still kind of get that tingly know, I still kind of get that tingly feeling feeling feeling >> to see the most spectacular shark on >> to see the most spectacular shark on >> to see the most spectacular shark on Earth now flying out the water. It was Earth now flying out the water. It was Earth now flying out the water. It was truly incredible to see. truly incredible to see. truly incredible to see. >> We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we >> We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we >> We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we reported on the great whites here and reported on the great whites here and reported on the great whites here and the tens of thousands of visitors who the tens of thousands of visitors who the tens of thousands of visitors who came each year for a close encounter in came each year for a close encounter in came each year for a close encounter in cages. cages. cages. >> That was really something. >> That was really something. >> That was really something. >> We were taken diving without a cage in >> We were taken diving without a cage in >> We were taken diving without a cage in water that had been chummed with blood water that had been chummed with blood water that had been chummed with blood to attract sharks. to attract sharks. to attract sharks. Immediately, a 15 ft great white swam Immediately, a 15 ft great white swam Immediately, a 15 ft great white swam straight toward us. straight toward us. straight toward us. >> That's a big voice. >> It's coming right toward us. >> It's coming right toward us. >> Sharks are curious creatures and they >> Sharks are curious creatures and they >> Sharks are curious creatures and they circled us constantly. It was circled us constantly. It was circled us constantly. It was extraordinary to be so close to such a extraordinary to be so close to such a extraordinary to be so close to such a massive predator.

>> That's just unbelievable. >> That's just unbelievable. >> Wow. in it. >> Wow. in it. >> Wow. in it. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> But just a few years after that dive, >> But just a few years after that dive, >> But just a few years after that dive, sightings of sharks here began to sightings of sharks here began to sightings of sharks here began to dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. >> If you went out and did that today, you >> If you went out and did that today, you >> If you went out and did that today, you would see nothing. would see nothing. would see nothing. >> Why is that? >> Why is that? >> Why is that? >> Because their numbers have simply >> Because their numbers have simply >> Because their numbers have simply plummeted. Tragically, we have all but plummeted. Tragically, we have all but plummeted. Tragically, we have all but lost the great white shark. lost the great white shark. lost the great white shark. >> The disappearance of great whites from >> The disappearance of great whites from >> The disappearance of great whites from here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] a marine biologist with South African a marine biologist with South African a marine biologist with South African National Parks, began searching for National Parks, began searching for National Parks, began searching for clues. In 2015, divers sent her these clues. In 2015, divers sent her these clues. In 2015, divers sent her these photos of smaller shark carcasses on the photos of smaller shark carcasses on the photos of smaller shark carcasses on the sea floor with mysterious incisions in sea floor with mysterious incisions in sea floor with mysterious incisions in them. them. them. >> It looked so surgical from the >> It looked so surgical from the >> It looked so surgical from the photographs that I first assumed it must photographs that I first assumed it must photographs that I first assumed it must have been done by somebody with a knife, have been done by somebody with a knife, have been done by somebody with a knife, >> a fisherman or something. >> a fisherman or something. >> a fisherman or something. >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time it happened that I managed to retrieve it happened that I managed to retrieve it happened that I managed to retrieve some of the carcasses and study them.

some of the carcasses and study them. some of the carcasses and study them. And I found tooth marks on the pctoral And I found tooth marks on the pctoral And I found tooth marks on the pctoral fins of some of the dead sharks. fins of some of the dead sharks. fins of some of the dead sharks. >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her colleagues went diving for more evidence colleagues went diving for more evidence colleagues went diving for more evidence and encountered an unlikely suspect. and encountered an unlikely suspect. and encountered an unlikely suspect. Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved one of the carcasses and my research one of the carcasses and my research one of the carcasses and my research partner says orca partner says orca partner says orca and here comes two orcas under the boat and here comes two orcas under the boat and here comes two orcas under the boat in our study area. It was light bulb. in our study area. It was light bulb. in our study area. It was light bulb. They were feeding right in that area They were feeding right in that area They were feeding right in that area where we just found the carcass. Now where we just found the carcass. Now where we just found the carcass. Now what we have is that orcas are a real what we have is that orcas are a real what we have is that orcas are a real possibility for being the culprit for possibility for being the culprit for possibility for being the culprit for these carcasses. Two years later, great these carcasses. Two years later, great these carcasses. Two years later, great whites began washing ashore with their whites began washing ashore with their whites began washing ashore with their livers missing. livers missing. livers missing. >> What's so tasty about a shark liver? >> What's so tasty about a shark liver? >> What's so tasty about a shark liver? >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out of the whole body, and it takes up um of the whole body, and it takes up um of the whole body, and it takes up um almost a third of the shark's body.

almost a third of the shark's body. almost a third of the shark's body. >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire shark. shark. shark. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> [ __ ] and her colleagues perform >> [ __ ] and her colleagues perform >> [ __ ] and her colleagues perform necropsies and confirmed orcas were necropsies and confirmed orcas were necropsies and confirmed orcas were indeed the culprits. They've been in indeed the culprits. They've been in indeed the culprits. They've been in these waters for years, but no one had these waters for years, but no one had these waters for years, but no one had ever seen one kill a great white here, ever seen one kill a great white here, ever seen one kill a great white here, though they are known to hunt them off though they are known to hunt them off though they are known to hunt them off California and around Australia. For California and around Australia. For California and around Australia. For South Africa, this was completely novel South Africa, this was completely novel South Africa, this was completely novel because for a long time you go, but because for a long time you go, but because for a long time you go, but white sharks are the apex predators. And white sharks are the apex predators. And white sharks are the apex predators. And this is, I think, why people struggled this is, I think, why people struggled this is, I think, why people struggled to sort of believe that this was to sort of believe that this was to sort of believe that this was happening. happening. happening. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. It's like you're the detective. and I It's like you're the detective. and I It's like you're the detective. and I feel like a detective, but for for a feel like a detective, but for for a feel like a detective, but for for a long time, we we didn't have all of the long time, we we didn't have all of the long time, we we didn't have all of the pieces of the puzzle. pieces of the puzzle. pieces of the puzzle. >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle together. He's a whale watching tour together. He's a whale watching tour together. He's a whale watching tour operator and was the first person to see operator and was the first person to see operator and was the first person to see two very distinctive male orcas hunting two very distinctive male orcas hunting two very distinctive male orcas hunting and killing sharks. He named them Port and killing sharks. He named them Port and killing sharks. He named them Port and Starboard. and Starboard. and Starboard. >> What was distinctive about them is that >> What was distinctive about them is that >> What was distinctive about them is that both of their dorsal fins were both of their dorsal fins were both of their dorsal fins were collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed over like that.

collapsed over like that. collapsed over like that. >> The one had collapsed to the left, the >> The one had collapsed to the left, the >> The one had collapsed to the left, the other one to the right. And being a other one to the right. And being a other one to the right. And being a nautical man, immediately it came to uh nautical man, immediately it came to uh nautical man, immediately it came to uh my mind. Let's call them port starboard. my mind. Let's call them port starboard. my mind. Let's call them port starboard. And that caught on from there. And uh And that caught on from there. And uh And that caught on from there. And uh they've become world famous or infamous. they've become world famous or infamous. they've become world famous or infamous. >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, which hunt in groups called pods, Port which hunt in groups called pods, Port which hunt in groups called pods, Port and starboard were hunting sharks for and starboard were hunting sharks for and starboard were hunting sharks for their livers as a pair. They're hunting their livers as a pair. They're hunting their livers as a pair. They're hunting on their own in ways people here have on their own in ways people here have on their own in ways people here have never seen before. I mean, are these never seen before. I mean, are these never seen before. I mean, are these like serial killers? like serial killers? like serial killers? >> They are definitely not serious. >> They are definitely not serious. >> They are definitely not serious. >> They're eating the livers of it's like >> They're eating the livers of it's like >> They're eating the livers of it's like Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver with fava beans. with fava beans. with fava beans. >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll never get me to say a bad word against never get me to say a bad word against never get me to say a bad word against them. them. them. >> Scientists now believe Port and Starbird >> Scientists now believe Port and Starbird >> Scientists now believe Port and Starbird might even be teaching other orcas how might even be teaching other orcas how might even be teaching other orcas how to hunt down sharks. In 2022, this drone to hunt down sharks. In 2022, this drone to hunt down sharks. In 2022, this drone footage captured five orcas working footage captured five orcas working footage captured five orcas working together, stunning and then killing a together, stunning and then killing a together, stunning and then killing a great white.

great white. great white. >> Here's an orca with this big white shark >> Here's an orca with this big white shark >> Here's an orca with this big white shark upside down biting into the area where upside down biting into the area where upside down biting into the area where the liver is. the liver is. the liver is. >> More recently, single orcas have been >> More recently, single orcas have been >> More recently, single orcas have been seen hunting sharks in South Africa and seen hunting sharks in South Africa and seen hunting sharks in South Africa and elsewhere. This National Geographic elsewhere. This National Geographic elsewhere. This National Geographic documentary shows an orca striking a documentary shows an orca striking a documentary shows an orca striking a great white like a torpedo, great white like a torpedo, great white like a torpedo, stunning it, then taking it in its stunning it, then taking it in its stunning it, then taking it in its mouth. mouth. mouth. >> They're learning. They're learning all >> They're learning. They're learning all >> They're learning. They're learning all the time. I think it's hard for people the time. I think it's hard for people the time. I think it's hard for people to kind of understand how smart these to kind of understand how smart these to kind of understand how smart these animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence of these smart hunters, has chased the of these smart hunters, has chased the of these smart hunters, has chased the once dominant great whites further along once dominant great whites further along once dominant great whites further along the coast, and insists that overall the the coast, and insists that overall the the coast, and insists that overall the population of great whites in South population of great whites in South population of great whites in South African waters is stable. The presence African waters is stable. The presence African waters is stable. The presence of just two orcas that would drive away of just two orcas that would drive away of just two orcas that would drive away hundreds of them. hundreds of them. hundreds of them. >> The predator eats the prey and that has >> The predator eats the prey and that has >> The predator eats the prey and that has an impact on some of the numbers. But an impact on some of the numbers. But an impact on some of the numbers. But one of the biggest things with predation one of the biggest things with predation one of the biggest things with predation is the fear of predation or the risk of is the fear of predation or the risk of is the fear of predation or the risk of predation and what we call the landscape predation and what we call the landscape predation and what we call the landscape of fear.

of fear. of fear. >> But gazelle don't disappear because a >> But gazelle don't disappear because a >> But gazelle don't disappear because a lion is killing some gazelle. lion is killing some gazelle. lion is killing some gazelle. >> They've evolved alongside of their >> They've evolved alongside of their >> They've evolved alongside of their predator. White sharks have not. White predator. White sharks have not. White predator. White sharks have not. White sharks have been the top dog. This was a sharks have been the top dog. This was a sharks have been the top dog. This was a novel predator for them. They were not novel predator for them. They were not novel predator for them. They were not used to being predated on by another used to being predated on by another used to being predated on by another species. Orcas have been killing white species. Orcas have been killing white species. Orcas have been killing white shark for thousand of years. shark for thousand of years. shark for thousand of years. >> Enrico Janari is an Italian marine >> Enrico Janari is an Italian marine >> Enrico Janari is an Italian marine biologist who's been researching great biologist who's been researching great biologist who's been researching great whites in South Africa for 20 years. He whites in South Africa for 20 years. He whites in South Africa for 20 years. He doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the population is stable. population is stable. population is stable. >> The question is not the orcas are >> The question is not the orcas are >> The question is not the orcas are pushing white shark away. Same thing pushing white shark away. Same thing pushing white shark away. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in Australia. The question here happened in Australia. The question here happened in Australia. The question here in Cedria, why they are not coming back? in Cedria, why they are not coming back? in Cedria, why they are not coming back? In California, orcas have killed great In California, orcas have killed great In California, orcas have killed great white sharks, but then the great whites white sharks, but then the great whites white sharks, but then the great whites came back. came back. came back. >> Up to six, nine months, the white shark >> Up to six, nine months, the white shark >> Up to six, nine months, the white shark left, but they always come back. left, but they always come back. left, but they always come back. >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows both agree the numbers of great whites both agree the numbers of great whites both agree the numbers of great whites plummeted a few years before Port and plummeted a few years before Port and plummeted a few years before Port and Starboard began their killing spree. By Starboard began their killing spree. By Starboard began their killing spree. By the time the great white sharks then had the time the great white sharks then had the time the great white sharks then had completely disappeared from Sue Island, completely disappeared from Sue Island, completely disappeared from Sue Island, we had never once seen port and we had never once seen port and we had never once seen port and starboard at Sue Island.

starboard at Sue Island. starboard at Sue Island. >> You don't buy this argument that it's >> You don't buy this argument that it's >> You don't buy this argument that it's these two orcas that have made all the these two orcas that have made all the these two orcas that have made all the great whites here disappear. great whites here disappear. great whites here disappear. >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you blame somebody that wasn't even on the blame somebody that wasn't even on the blame somebody that wasn't even on the crime scene? crime scene? crime scene? >> Fellows and Janari argue humans are >> Fellows and Janari argue humans are >> Fellows and Janari argue humans are ultimately to blame. They've been ultimately to blame. They've been ultimately to blame. They've been documenting the impact of commercial documenting the impact of commercial documenting the impact of commercial fishing boats on smaller shark species. fishing boats on smaller shark species. fishing boats on smaller shark species. that are a staple of the great whites that are a staple of the great whites that are a staple of the great whites diet. The boats lay miles of long lines diet. The boats lay miles of long lines diet. The boats lay miles of long lines with thousands of hooks attached on the with thousands of hooks attached on the with thousands of hooks attached on the ocean floor. The sharks they catch are ocean floor. The sharks they catch are ocean floor. The sharks they catch are exported to Australia used for cheap exported to Australia used for cheap exported to Australia used for cheap fish and chips. fish and chips. fish and chips. >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing the great white sharks of food. It's the the great white sharks of food. It's the the great white sharks of food. It's the primary prey source for the great whites primary prey source for the great whites primary prey source for the great whites when they're not feeding on seals. When when they're not feeding on seals. When when they're not feeding on seals. When you remove the prey, you have a you remove the prey, you have a you remove the prey, you have a significant impact on the predator. An significant impact on the predator. An significant impact on the predator. An even bigger impact on great whites, even bigger impact on great whites, even bigger impact on great whites, fallows, and janari say are shark nets fallows, and janari say are shark nets fallows, and janari say are shark nets and baited hooks attached to buoys, and baited hooks attached to buoys, and baited hooks attached to buoys, which the South African authorities have which the South African authorities have which the South African authorities have used to protect swimmers along the coast used to protect swimmers along the coast used to protect swimmers along the coast since the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill since the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill since the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill more than 20 great whites a year along more than 20 great whites a year along more than 20 great whites a year along with whatever else gets caught by them.

with whatever else gets caught by them. with whatever else gets caught by them. >> The device are designed to kill and >> The device are designed to kill and >> The device are designed to kill and lower the population number. The concept lower the population number. The concept lower the population number. The concept is one less shark, one less chance of an is one less shark, one less chance of an is one less shark, one less chance of an encounter with a human. encounter with a human. encounter with a human. >> Jinari would like to see South Africa >> Jinari would like to see South Africa >> Jinari would like to see South Africa embrace a variety of alternatives to embrace a variety of alternatives to embrace a variety of alternatives to protect swimmers like underwater protect swimmers like underwater protect swimmers like underwater magnetic fields which interfere with the magnetic fields which interfere with the magnetic fields which interfere with the sense sharks use for hunting sense sharks use for hunting sense sharks use for hunting or increasing the use of smaller mesh or increasing the use of smaller mesh or increasing the use of smaller mesh nets which create a barrier without nets which create a barrier without nets which create a barrier without entangling marine life. The problem that entangling marine life. The problem that entangling marine life. The problem that inside Africa we only using little inside Africa we only using little inside Africa we only using little method and that is outdated and method and that is outdated and method and that is outdated and unsustainable. unsustainable. unsustainable. >> If you believe that it's these two orcas >> If you believe that it's these two orcas >> If you believe that it's these two orcas which have driven away the great white which have driven away the great white which have driven away the great white population, there's not much humans can population, there's not much humans can population, there's not much humans can do about that. What your argument is do about that. What your argument is do about that. What your argument is there's actually a lot humans can do there's actually a lot humans can do there's actually a lot humans can do with long line fishing and getting rid with long line fishing and getting rid with long line fishing and getting rid of these shark nets. That is something of these shark nets. That is something of these shark nets. That is something humans can impact. humans can impact. humans can impact. >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about something we can't control. and let's something we can't control. and let's something we can't control. and let's start focusing on the things that we can start focusing on the things that we can start focusing on the things that we can control. And if we don't start control. And if we don't start control. And if we don't start addressing those factors that we can addressing those factors that we can addressing those factors that we can control, I don't believe there's any control, I don't believe there's any control, I don't believe there's any hope. In 1991, South Africa was the hope. In 1991, South Africa was the hope. In 1991, South Africa was the first country in the world to protect first country in the world to protect first country in the world to protect the great white shark. But Enrico Janari the great white shark. But Enrico Janari the great white shark. But Enrico Janari believes those efforts have failed and believes those efforts have failed and believes those efforts have failed and now fears it may be the first country to now fears it may be the first country to now fears it may be the first country to lose them. If we lose the white shark in lose them. If we lose the white shark in lose them. If we lose the white shark in South Africa, we lose a battle for all South Africa, we lose a battle for all South Africa, we lose a battle for all nature. If we can't protect even the

nature. If we can't protect even the nature. If we can't protect even the most charismatic, most protected species most charismatic, most protected species most charismatic, most protected species on paper in South Africa, what chance on paper in South Africa, what chance on paper in South Africa, what chance the little guys, the other sharks or the the little guys, the other sharks or the the little guys, the other sharks or the other animals have against unsustainable other animals have against unsustainable other animals have against unsustainable use? Nothing. use? Nothing. use? Nothing. There's a lot of people watching who may There's a lot of people watching who may There's a lot of people watching who may not have a lot of sympathy with great not have a lot of sympathy with great not have a lot of sympathy with great white sharks. Why should somebody care? white sharks. Why should somebody care? white sharks. Why should somebody care? >> I think somebody should care in the same >> I think somebody should care in the same >> I think somebody should care in the same way as we never used to have sympathy way as we never used to have sympathy way as we never used to have sympathy with whales. You know, we're wiping with whales. You know, we're wiping with whales. You know, we're wiping these animals animals out to the point these animals animals out to the point these animals animals out to the point of extinction. Great whites are no of extinction. Great whites are no of extinction. Great whites are no different. So even if we don't like the different. So even if we don't like the different. So even if we don't like the look of the animal, they're incredibly look of the animal, they're incredibly look of the animal, they're incredibly important for us going forward. With no great whites to document, has With no great whites to document, has shifted his focus to photographing shifted his focus to photographing shifted his focus to photographing humpback whales. humpback whales. humpback whales. >> Unbelievable. >> Unbelievable. >> Unbelievable. >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have made a remarkable comeback. made a remarkable comeback. made a remarkable comeback. >> Does it have anything to do with the >> Does it have anything to do with the >> Does it have anything to do with the great whites leaving? great whites leaving? great whites leaving? >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is enlightened governments, passionate enlightened governments, passionate enlightened governments, passionate individuals individuals individuals showcasing the whales for what they showcasing the whales for what they showcasing the whales for what they were. incredibly sentient creatures were. incredibly sentient creatures were. incredibly sentient creatures having an important role to play in our having an important role to play in our having an important role to play in our ocean. Therefore, they became protected ocean. Therefore, they became protected ocean. Therefore, they became protected and that now their numbers are being and that now their numbers are being and that now their numbers are being allowed to expand naturally.

allowed to expand naturally. allowed to expand naturally. >> To you, that's an example that >> To you, that's an example that >> To you, that's an example that conservation efforts can work. conservation efforts can work. conservation efforts can work. >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you know, if we take away pressures on know, if we take away pressures on know, if we take away pressures on animals, if there are enough of them, animals, if there are enough of them, animals, if there are enough of them, they will still rebound. It's called they will still rebound. It's called they will still rebound. It's called balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy environment for us. environment for us. environment for us. Imagine in the 21st century discovering a marvel in the 21st century discovering a marvel on par with Mount Everest or the Grand on par with Mount Everest or the Grand on par with Mount Everest or the Grand Canyon. It happened in 2009 with the Canyon. It happened in 2009 with the Canyon. It happened in 2009 with the revelation of the largest cave passage revelation of the largest cave passage revelation of the largest cave passage in the world. It's in Vietnam and they in the world. It's in Vietnam and they in the world. It's in Vietnam and they call it Hangong Dong Mountain River call it Hangong Dong Mountain River call it Hangong Dong Mountain River Cave. An intrepid British explorer, Cave. An intrepid British explorer, Cave. An intrepid British explorer, Peter McNab, led the first team through Peter McNab, led the first team through Peter McNab, led the first team through this epic underworld of caverns the this epic underworld of caverns the this epic underworld of caverns the height of skyscrapers. height of skyscrapers. height of skyscrapers. McNab is decaving what Armstrong is to McNab is decaving what Armstrong is to McNab is decaving what Armstrong is to the moon. The first explorer. Recently, the moon. The first explorer. Recently, the moon. The first explorer. Recently, we asked McNab to show us this wonder of we asked McNab to show us this wonder of we asked McNab to show us this wonder of the world. But before we begin our trek, the world. But before we begin our trek, the world. But before we begin our trek, we really have to show you a preview of we really have to show you a preview of we really have to show you a preview of where we're going. Simply glorious.

glorious. This was the moment Sandong caught us in This was the moment Sandong caught us in This was the moment Sandong caught us in its grasp. its grasp. its grasp. Sunbeams cascading Sunbeams cascading Sunbeams cascading 120 stories from a break in the ceiling. 120 stories from a break in the ceiling. 120 stories from a break in the ceiling. Groundwater above us slipping through Groundwater above us slipping through Groundwater above us slipping through the light like rain the light like rain the light like rain and rock reflecting what seemed like the and rock reflecting what seemed like the and rock reflecting what seemed like the only sound in the world. only sound in the world. only sound in the world. Not many have stood in this space that Not many have stood in this space that Not many have stood in this space that transcends time. It was a reward for our transcends time. It was a reward for our transcends time. It was a reward for our journey that began days before. The only way to Sandong is on foot. A The only way to Sandong is on foot. A trek of a day and a half. trek of a day and a half. trek of a day and a half. We had a party of 53 moving in groups. We had a party of 53 moving in groups. We had a party of 53 moving in groups. Mostly porters heaving camping and TV Mostly porters heaving camping and TV Mostly porters heaving camping and TV gear, plus experts in safety and gear, plus experts in safety and gear, plus experts in safety and climbing.

climbing. climbing. There were 20 river crossings. Water There were 20 river crossings. Water There were 20 river crossings. Water flowing through limestone. flowing through limestone. flowing through limestone. Two of the essentials for building Two of the essentials for building Two of the essentials for building caves. caves. caves. This is the slender center of Vietnam, This is the slender center of Vietnam, This is the slender center of Vietnam, the Chu Sun Range between Laos and the the Chu Sun Range between Laos and the the Chu Sun Range between Laos and the South China Sea. South China Sea. South China Sea. We were following the Vietnam Wars Ho We were following the Vietnam Wars Ho We were following the Vietnam Wars Ho Chi Min Trail Chi Min Trail Chi Min Trail through a jungle where tigers are not through a jungle where tigers are not through a jungle where tigers are not unknown and leeches are plentiful. Oh, unknown and leeches are plentiful. Oh, unknown and leeches are plentiful. Oh, there's another one. there's another one. there's another one. >> Leading us were explorers Howard >> Leading us were explorers Howard >> Leading us were explorers Howard Lindert, whose work in Vietnam over 30 Lindert, whose work in Vietnam over 30 Lindert, whose work in Vietnam over 30 years discovered 500 caves, and Peter years discovered 500 caves, and Peter years discovered 500 caves, and Peter McNab, whom Lambert sent to be the first McNab, whom Lambert sent to be the first McNab, whom Lambert sent to be the first in Sondong. camera. in Sondong. camera. in Sondong. camera. >> I find it an adventure going exploring >> I find it an adventure going exploring >> I find it an adventure going exploring and um not quite knowing what's around and um not quite knowing what's around and um not quite knowing what's around the corner and just sort of finding your the corner and just sort of finding your the corner and just sort of finding your way through and uh things reveal way through and uh things reveal way through and uh things reveal themselves like big chambers, big themselves like big chambers, big themselves like big chambers, big passages or or tight narrow bits uh passages or or tight narrow bits uh passages or or tight narrow bits uh beautiful formations.

beautiful formations. beautiful formations. >> And there aren't a lot of places on >> And there aren't a lot of places on >> And there aren't a lot of places on Earth that you can discover for the very Earth that you can discover for the very Earth that you can discover for the very first time. first time. first time. >> No, you have to look pretty hard for >> No, you have to look pretty hard for >> No, you have to look pretty hard for them. them. them. >> You have to look pretty hard for the >> You have to look pretty hard for the >> You have to look pretty hard for the entrance to Sandong. You'd hardly notice entrance to Sandong. You'd hardly notice entrance to Sandong. You'd hardly notice but for the writing on the wall but for the writing on the wall but for the writing on the wall proclaiming the miracle of Hokan. proclaiming the miracle of Hokan. proclaiming the miracle of Hokan. In 1990, Hokan, a villager, discovered In 1990, Hokan, a villager, discovered In 1990, Hokan, a villager, discovered this entrance after he sheltered here this entrance after he sheltered here this entrance after he sheltered here from a storm. He told us, from a storm. He told us, from a storm. He told us, "I was collecting wood. "I was collecting wood. "I was collecting wood. I saw a sinkhole and I felt something I saw a sinkhole and I felt something I saw a sinkhole and I felt something strange." strange." strange." The strange feeling was wind blowing out The strange feeling was wind blowing out The strange feeling was wind blowing out of the ground. of the ground. of the ground. Cavers know that's the breath of a Cavers know that's the breath of a Cavers know that's the breath of a tremendous cavern. tremendous cavern. tremendous cavern. In 2000, the British cavers asked young In 2000, the British cavers asked young In 2000, the British cavers asked young Hokan to show them, but it took 8 years. Hokan to show them, but it took 8 years. Hokan to show them, but it took 8 years. He'd lost it in the trackless jungle.

He'd lost it in the trackless jungle. He'd lost it in the trackless jungle. >> In 2008, I finally found it, he told us. >> In 2008, I finally found it, he told us. >> In 2008, I finally found it, he told us. In 2009, they started exploring. In 2009, they started exploring. In 2009, they started exploring. >> That exploration began here. We're just >> That exploration began here. We're just >> That exploration began here. We're just inside, looking back toward the entrance inside, looking back toward the entrance inside, looking back toward the entrance above. The first obstacle is a above. The first obstacle is a above. The first obstacle is a spectacular 30story wall that our spectacular 30story wall that our spectacular 30story wall that our climbing team showed us how to descend. climbing team showed us how to descend. climbing team showed us how to descend. >> Can you step to the left of the left >> Can you step to the left of the left >> Can you step to the left of the left side? Darkness would be nearly total, side? Darkness would be nearly total, side? Darkness would be nearly total, but we lit it so you can see. Peter but we lit it so you can see. Peter but we lit it so you can see. Peter McNab was the first to do this. In 2009, McNab was the first to do this. In 2009, McNab was the first to do this. In 2009, he and four others on his team were he and four others on his team were he and four others on his team were dropping into darkness. dropping into darkness. dropping into darkness. >> There's an obvious big black hole where >> There's an obvious big black hole where >> There's an obvious big black hole where you're heading towards and you just sort you're heading towards and you just sort you're heading towards and you just sort of skirt around and look around and find of skirt around and look around and find of skirt around and look around and find this way is pretty good. This way works. this way is pretty good. This way works. this way is pretty good. This way works. Uh quite often you get stopped, can't Uh quite often you get stopped, can't Uh quite often you get stopped, can't get down here. You just basically feel get down here. You just basically feel get down here. You just basically feel your way through the cave by trial and your way through the cave by trial and your way through the cave by trial and error. error. error. >> You had no idea.

>> You had no idea. >> You had no idea. >> None whatsoever. >> None whatsoever. >> None whatsoever. >> That was beyond the light on your >> That was beyond the light on your >> That was beyond the light on your helmet. helmet. helmet. >> Yeah. No, we didn't at all. Every corner >> Yeah. No, we didn't at all. Every corner >> Yeah. No, we didn't at all. Every corner you you went round was completely new, you you went round was completely new, you you went round was completely new, completely exciting, and it just kept completely exciting, and it just kept completely exciting, and it just kept getting better and better as you went getting better and better as you went getting better and better as you went into the cave. It was absolutely into the cave. It was absolutely into the cave. It was absolutely spectacular. spectacular. spectacular. >> Spectacular like the entrance we just >> Spectacular like the entrance we just >> Spectacular like the entrance we just repelled down. Look at the two men repelled down. Look at the two men repelled down. Look at the two men halfway down holding lights. At the very halfway down holding lights. At the very halfway down holding lights. At the very top is the entrance and the last top is the entrance and the last top is the entrance and the last daylight we would see for a while. daylight we would see for a while. daylight we would see for a while. At the bottom of the climb, we met the At the bottom of the climb, we met the At the bottom of the climb, we met the architect of Sandong, architect of Sandong, architect of Sandong, the Brow Tongue River. the Brow Tongue River. the Brow Tongue River. Its waters are acidic, so it's really Its waters are acidic, so it's really Its waters are acidic, so it's really good at dissolving limestone. good at dissolving limestone. good at dissolving limestone. Well, this is a pretty good setting for Well, this is a pretty good setting for Well, this is a pretty good setting for an interview. Yeah. an interview. Yeah. an interview. Yeah. >> In camp, we spoke to Purdue University >> In camp, we spoke to Purdue University >> In camp, we spoke to Purdue University geologist Daryl Granger, who came here geologist Daryl Granger, who came here geologist Daryl Granger, who came here in 2010 to figure out when the river in 2010 to figure out when the river in 2010 to figure out when the river started its project.

started its project. started its project. >> We found a nice package of sediment >> We found a nice package of sediment >> We found a nice package of sediment further in the cave. And that dated to further in the cave. And that dated to further in the cave. And that dated to about 2 and 1/2 million years ago. about 2 and 1/2 million years ago. about 2 and 1/2 million years ago. >> That's when the river first found a tiny >> That's when the river first found a tiny >> That's when the river first found a tiny crack in the limestone ridge. the width crack in the limestone ridge. the width crack in the limestone ridge. the width of a hair maybe, right? That's all it of a hair maybe, right? That's all it of a hair maybe, right? That's all it takes to make a cave. The water started takes to make a cave. The water started takes to make a cave. The water started flowing through it, dissolving it bigger flowing through it, dissolving it bigger flowing through it, dissolving it bigger and bigger and bigger. We still have and bigger and bigger. We still have and bigger and bigger. We still have water going through it today, so it's water going through it today, so it's water going through it today, so it's continuing to get bigger as we speak. continuing to get bigger as we speak. continuing to get bigger as we speak. Our exploration of the cave took 3 days Our exploration of the cave took 3 days Our exploration of the cave took 3 days and two nights. and two nights. and two nights. The length is 5.6 mi. It's 65 stories The length is 5.6 mi. It's 65 stories The length is 5.6 mi. It's 65 stories tall and the width of 1 and a half tall and the width of 1 and a half tall and the width of 1 and a half football fields. football fields. football fields. The Great Pyramid of Giza would fit The Great Pyramid of Giza would fit The Great Pyramid of Giza would fit easily. A 747 could fly through the easily. A 747 could fly through the easily. A 747 could fly through the biggest passage and not scrape a wing. biggest passage and not scrape a wing. biggest passage and not scrape a wing. Sometimes the only way forward was the Sometimes the only way forward was the Sometimes the only way forward was the width of our shoulders.

width of our shoulders. width of our shoulders. But we noticed in the broadest caverns, But we noticed in the broadest caverns, But we noticed in the broadest caverns, you often lose the sense of even being you often lose the sense of even being you often lose the sense of even being underground. underground. underground. What reminds you is the isolation. What reminds you is the isolation. What reminds you is the isolation. No cell phone, no satellite. We were cut No cell phone, no satellite. We were cut No cell phone, no satellite. We were cut off from the world. off from the world. off from the world. Roughly halfway, there was a light Roughly halfway, there was a light Roughly halfway, there was a light ahead. There are two skylights where the ahead. There are two skylights where the ahead. There are two skylights where the roof collapsed for us. A break from roof collapsed for us. A break from roof collapsed for us. A break from total darkness and a chance to show you total darkness and a chance to show you total darkness and a chance to show you the scale. Geologists call these holes the scale. Geologists call these holes the scale. Geologists call these holes dough lines. dough lines. dough lines. The word has European roots. It means The word has European roots. It means The word has European roots. It means sinkhole or depression. And this do line sinkhole or depression. And this do line sinkhole or depression. And this do line formed because the roof over our heads, formed because the roof over our heads, formed because the roof over our heads, the limestone, is a little bit thinner the limestone, is a little bit thinner the limestone, is a little bit thinner here than it is in the rest of the cave. here than it is in the rest of the cave. here than it is in the rest of the cave. Then as the cave grew wider and wider Then as the cave grew wider and wider Then as the cave grew wider and wider and wider over millions of years, it was and wider over millions of years, it was and wider over millions of years, it was unable to support the roof above. It all unable to support the roof above. It all unable to support the roof above. It all caved in right here. What's remarkable caved in right here. What's remarkable caved in right here. What's remarkable about it is that it allows light into about it is that it allows light into about it is that it allows light into this cave that would otherwise be this cave that would otherwise be this cave that would otherwise be utterly dark. And it allowed the jungle utterly dark. And it allowed the jungle utterly dark. And it allowed the jungle to come inside the cave. Like everything to come inside the cave. Like everything to come inside the cave. Like everything else about the cave, this dome line is else about the cave, this dome line is else about the cave, this dome line is enormous. It's 450 ft above my head. In enormous. It's 450 ft above my head. In enormous. It's 450 ft above my head. In other words, about the height of a

other words, about the height of a other words, about the height of a 45story building. 45story building. 45story building. >> We stopped here with Howard Lambert, >> We stopped here with Howard Lambert, >> We stopped here with Howard Lambert, who's explored Vietnam since the '9s. who's explored Vietnam since the '9s. who's explored Vietnam since the '9s. When my producer, Nicole Young, When my producer, Nicole Young, When my producer, Nicole Young, suggested the story, I turned her down. suggested the story, I turned her down. suggested the story, I turned her down. >> I said, "Nick, it's a hole in the >> I said, "Nick, it's a hole in the >> I said, "Nick, it's a hole in the ground." ground." ground." >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> What was I missing? You're missing best >> What was I missing? You're missing best >> What was I missing? You're missing best adventure that happens in the world. adventure that happens in the world. adventure that happens in the world. >> Something no one's seen before. >> Something no one's seen before. >> Something no one's seen before. >> That's the beauty of caves. If you climb >> That's the beauty of caves. If you climb >> That's the beauty of caves. If you climb in a mountain, you can see where you're in a mountain, you can see where you're in a mountain, you can see where you're going. But in a cave, when you go in, going. But in a cave, when you go in, going. But in a cave, when you go in, you don't know what it's going to do. you don't know what it's going to do. you don't know what it's going to do. >> Your father was a caver. >> Your father was a caver. >> Your father was a caver. >> He was. Yeah. So, he was a a caver in >> He was. Yeah. So, he was a a caver in >> He was. Yeah. So, he was a a caver in Scotland. And Scotland. And Scotland. And >> Peter McNab, the first in Sondong, has >> Peter McNab, the first in Sondong, has >> Peter McNab, the first in Sondong, has been caving since he was a boy. been caving since he was a boy. been caving since he was a boy. >> You grew up in a cave? >> You grew up in a cave? >> You grew up in a cave? >> Not quite, but within a mile of it. >> Not quite, but within a mile of it. >> Not quite, but within a mile of it. McNab is a construction manager in New McNab is a construction manager in New McNab is a construction manager in New Zealand, big projects like hospitals. Zealand, big projects like hospitals. Zealand, big projects like hospitals. But you get the sense he does that to But you get the sense he does that to But you get the sense he does that to pay for this pay for this pay for this >> in all the caving that you've done. What >> in all the caving that you've done. What >> in all the caving that you've done. What is the closest call you've ever had? is the closest call you've ever had? is the closest call you've ever had? >> I've been stuck. I've had rocks >> I've been stuck. I've had rocks >> I've been stuck. I've had rocks collapsed and I've been flooded in.

collapsed and I've been flooded in. collapsed and I've been flooded in. >> He was stuck a few years ago when he >> He was stuck a few years ago when he >> He was stuck a few years ago when he went headirst into a crevice that cavers went headirst into a crevice that cavers went headirst into a crevice that cavers call a squeeze. McNab couldn't back out. call a squeeze. McNab couldn't back out. call a squeeze. McNab couldn't back out. A partner found him and used a knife to A partner found him and used a knife to A partner found him and used a knife to rip away his coat to give him the spare rip away his coat to give him the spare rip away his coat to give him the spare half inch he needed. half inch he needed. half inch he needed. >> Did he pull you out by your feet? >> Did he pull you out by your feet? >> Did he pull you out by your feet? >> Uh, pretty much. >> Uh, pretty much. >> Uh, pretty much. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> You are still exploring this region? >> You are still exploring this region? >> You are still exploring this region? >> Yes. Yes, we come back every 2 years and >> Yes. Yes, we come back every 2 years and >> Yes. Yes, we come back every 2 years and um we've barely scratched the surface of um we've barely scratched the surface of um we've barely scratched the surface of the caves in this area. the caves in this area. the caves in this area. >> There may be another biggest cave in the >> There may be another biggest cave in the >> There may be another biggest cave in the world. world. world. >> There could well be. Truth is, McNab's >> There could well be. Truth is, McNab's >> There could well be. Truth is, McNab's first expedition in 2009 never reached first expedition in 2009 never reached first expedition in 2009 never reached the end of Sondong. the end of Sondong. the end of Sondong. Beyond this underground lake, he Beyond this underground lake, he Beyond this underground lake, he discovered a 30story wall and ran out of discovered a 30story wall and ran out of discovered a 30story wall and ran out of time before he could scale it. time before he could scale it. time before he could scale it. >> Take in. Take in. Take in. We climbed it >> Take in. Take in. Take in. We climbed it >> Take in. Take in. Take in. We climbed it on our trekk and understood immediately on our trekk and understood immediately on our trekk and understood immediately why they call it the great wall of why they call it the great wall of why they call it the great wall of Vietnam.

Vietnam. Vietnam. >> Keep the line tight. Take in. Excellent. >> Keep the line tight. Take in. Excellent. >> Keep the line tight. Take in. Excellent. Take in on the lifeline. Take in on the lifeline. Take in on the lifeline. >> It's a 300 ft climb on slick rock with >> It's a 300 ft climb on slick rock with >> It's a 300 ft climb on slick rock with no foothold anywhere. no foothold anywhere. no foothold anywhere. >> Take in. Excellent, Scott. That's really >> Take in. Excellent, Scott. That's really >> Take in. Excellent, Scott. That's really good. come right up to the corner. >> It's challenging enough until you >> It's challenging enough until you realize, of course, you're doing it in realize, of course, you're doing it in realize, of course, you're doing it in the dark and it's essentially raining. the dark and it's essentially raining. the dark and it's essentially raining. The groundwater is coming from the roof. The groundwater is coming from the roof. The groundwater is coming from the roof. So, with everything wet, you find So, with everything wet, you find So, with everything wet, you find yourself slipping back while climbing yourself slipping back while climbing yourself slipping back while climbing up. up. up. But our team got us up and over, But our team got us up and over, But our team got us up and over, drenched and a little exhausted. >> Well, we saved the best for last. We've >> Well, we saved the best for last. We've made it all the way through nearly all made it all the way through nearly all made it all the way through nearly all the miles of the cave over three days.

the miles of the cave over three days. the miles of the cave over three days. And now we just have a little bit And now we just have a little bit And now we just have a little bit further to go. In fact, I can see the further to go. In fact, I can see the further to go. In fact, I can see the exit from here. exit from here. exit from here. >> We could see it, that light up there. >> We could see it, that light up there. >> We could see it, that light up there. But we still had quite a climb to make. But we still had quite a climb to make. But we still had quite a climb to make. We learned by the end of our trek that We learned by the end of our trek that We learned by the end of our trek that Sondong may be even larger than we know. Sondong may be even larger than we know. Sondong may be even larger than we know. Hundreds of feet below that lake behind Hundreds of feet below that lake behind Hundreds of feet below that lake behind us, the water is draining somewhere. us, the water is draining somewhere. us, the water is draining somewhere. There could be more caverns beyond. There could be more caverns beyond. There could be more caverns beyond. It's the work of millions of years It's the work of millions of years It's the work of millions of years likely to continue for millions more. likely to continue for millions more. likely to continue for millions more. unimaginable time unimaginable time unimaginable time measured by a pendulum of light measured by a pendulum of light measured by a pendulum of light illuminating the splendor of one of the illuminating the splendor of one of the illuminating the splendor of one of the greatest marvels on or under the earth.

Once in a while we get to travel so far Once in a while we get to travel so far off the beaten track there's hardly a off the beaten track there's hardly a off the beaten track there's hardly a track at all. That was the case last track at all. That was the case last track at all. That was the case last year when we went to the mountains of year when we went to the mountains of year when we went to the mountains of western Colombia. There are some 2,000 western Colombia. There are some 2,000 western Colombia. There are some 2,000 species of birds in that South American species of birds in that South American species of birds in that South American country, more than anywhere else on country, more than anywhere else on country, more than anywhere else on Earth. Partly because of its diverse Earth. Partly because of its diverse Earth. Partly because of its diverse geography, but also surprisingly because geography, but also surprisingly because geography, but also surprisingly because of war. Decades of fighting among the of war. Decades of fighting among the of war. Decades of fighting among the Colombian government, left-wing Colombian government, left-wing Colombian government, left-wing guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, and narot traffickers made some areas so and narot traffickers made some areas so and narot traffickers made some areas so dangerous few people could go there, dangerous few people could go there, dangerous few people could go there, preserving the bird's habitat. But since preserving the bird's habitat. But since preserving the bird's habitat. But since 2016, when Colombia's government signed 2016, when Colombia's government signed 2016, when Colombia's government signed a peace deal with the FARC, the largest a peace deal with the FARC, the largest a peace deal with the FARC, the largest left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten safer to travel. As we first reported safer to travel. As we first reported safer to travel. As we first reported earlier this year, all those species of earlier this year, all those species of earlier this year, all those species of birds and untouched forests, have become birds and untouched forests, have become birds and untouched forests, have become an important part of a growing ecoourism an important part of a growing ecoourism an important part of a growing ecoourism industry. It brings in millions of industry. It brings in millions of industry. It brings in millions of dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird watchers, birders as they're known, are watchers, birders as they're known, are watchers, birders as they're known, are flocking there, hoping to catch even a flocking there, hoping to catch even a flocking there, hoping to catch even a fleeting glimpse of species you can't fleeting glimpse of species you can't fleeting glimpse of species you can't find anywhere else on Earth.

On the western slope of the Andes On the western slope of the Andes Mountains, in an area with few roads in Mountains, in an area with few roads in Mountains, in an area with few roads in or out, lies Tatama National Park, a or out, lies Tatama National Park, a or out, lies Tatama National Park, a vast stretch of lush rainforest vast stretch of lush rainforest vast stretch of lush rainforest punctuated by powerful rivers. Delicate flowers blossom in the rain Delicate flowers blossom in the rain soaked forest and the sound of birds soaked forest and the sound of birds soaked forest and the sound of birds fills the humid air. This is one of the wetest places on This is one of the wetest places on Earth. We set off before dawn in a Earth. We set off before dawn in a Earth. We set off before dawn in a four-wheel drive vehicle through four-wheel drive vehicle through four-wheel drive vehicle through untouched forest. Hidden in the lush untouched forest. Hidden in the lush untouched forest. Hidden in the lush vegetation vegetation vegetation were all kinds of birds. Some shy, were all kinds of birds. Some shy, were all kinds of birds. Some shy, others curious. Their colors as vivid as others curious. Their colors as vivid as others curious. Their colors as vivid as their names. The blue gray tanager, the their names. The blue gray tanager, the their names. The blue gray tanager, the cinnamon fly catcher, the purpleth cinnamon fly catcher, the purpleth cinnamon fly catcher, the purpleth throatated woodar. throatated woodar. throatated woodar. >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This one, mate. one, mate. one, mate. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. He's one of Columbia's most famous He's one of Columbia's most famous He's one of Columbia's most famous birding guides. birding guides. birding guides. >> Go above the light.

>> Go above the light. >> Go above the light. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> It's a little one right there. >> It's a little one right there. >> It's a little one right there. >> The little one actually. Oh, that's does >> The little one actually. Oh, that's does >> The little one actually. Oh, that's does the look of the tail is so beautiful. the look of the tail is so beautiful. the look of the tail is so beautiful. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> And this is the star here. This thing >> And this is the star here. This thing >> And this is the star here. This thing velvet purple coronet. velvet purple coronet. velvet purple coronet. >> There you are. >> There you are. >> There you are. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between two hummingbirds. two hummingbirds. two hummingbirds. >> Is that a family? One of them is just >> Is that a family? One of them is just >> Is that a family? One of them is just sitting there on a branch. The other sitting there on a branch. The other sitting there on a branch. The other seem to be darting about. seem to be darting about. seem to be darting about. >> Actually, they are both Empress >> Actually, they are both Empress >> Actually, they are both Empress Brilliance males. So, they're actually Brilliance males. So, they're actually Brilliance males. So, they're actually probably two males fighting a little bit probably two males fighting a little bit probably two males fighting a little bit about territory. Hummingbirds, you know, about territory. Hummingbirds, you know, about territory. Hummingbirds, you know, they look cute, but they are real they look cute, but they are real they look cute, but they are real warriors. They they will fight for warriors. They they will fight for warriors. They they will fight for resources. resources. resources. >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> all day long. All day long. >> all day long. All day long. >> all day long. All day long. >> The pink right underneath the >> The pink right underneath the >> The pink right underneath the >> the throat is incredible. >> the throat is incredible. >> the throat is incredible. >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in the forest, there's always something to the forest, there's always something to the forest, there's always something to watch out for. watch out for. watch out for. >> Whoa. >> Whoa. >> Whoa. >> Watch out. >> Watch out. >> Watch out. >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the species here so closely he does their species here so closely he does their species here so closely he does their calls the way some people hum music calls the way some people hum music calls the way some people hum music >> something like that that I can rep that >> something like that that I can rep that >> something like that that I can rep that would be like a wood ren would be like a wood ren would be like a wood ren >> in the forest. Uh there is one here >> in the forest. Uh there is one here >> in the forest. Uh there is one here where we are that is called the munchika where we are that is called the munchika where we are that is called the munchika wooden that lives in the highlands and wooden that lives in the highlands and wooden that lives in the highlands and it's like it's like it's like >> but it's much it's much happier. It has >> but it's much it's much happier. It has >> but it's much it's much happier. It has a different tone so it's more like much much of a yeah cooler v. You've much much of a yeah cooler v. You've said that being a bird guide in Colombia

said that being a bird guide in Colombia said that being a bird guide in Colombia is like being a an explorer during the is like being a an explorer during the is like being a an explorer during the Victorian age. Victorian age. Victorian age. >> It is. How so? >> It is. How so? >> It is. How so? >> It is because all these explorers from >> It is because all these explorers from >> It is because all these explorers from the Victorian age, they were the Victorian age, they were the Victorian age, they were circumnavigating the globe and exploring circumnavigating the globe and exploring circumnavigating the globe and exploring and finding new species everywhere and and finding new species everywhere and and finding new species everywhere and because of, you know, troubled past, you because of, you know, troubled past, you because of, you know, troubled past, you can still, you know, be in Colombia, can still, you know, be in Colombia, can still, you know, be in Colombia, look at the isolated mountain range and look at the isolated mountain range and look at the isolated mountain range and you might find a new species for bird you might find a new species for bird you might find a new species for bird for science. for science. for science. >> Are there still bird species out there >> Are there still bird species out there >> Are there still bird species out there that haven't been discovered? that haven't been discovered? that haven't been discovered? >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we have explored it all that we know every have explored it all that we know every have explored it all that we know every corner of the planet and it's not the corner of the planet and it's not the corner of the planet and it's not the case. case. case. >> This area was a no-go area for a long >> This area was a no-go area for a long >> This area was a no-go area for a long time. time. time. >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal armed groups in this area, you know, armed groups in this area, you know, armed groups in this area, you know, like for so long prevented just people like for so long prevented just people like for so long prevented just people coming and slashing and burning the the coming and slashing and burning the the coming and slashing and burning the the habitats. habitats. habitats. >> No one could disturb the birds, but no >> No one could disturb the birds, but no >> No one could disturb the birds, but no one could go see them really either. one could go see them really either. one could go see them really either. >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than 450,000 people were killed, most of them 450,000 people were killed, most of them 450,000 people were killed, most of them unarmed civilians, during decades of unarmed civilians, during decades of unarmed civilians, during decades of fighting between armed groups and fighting between armed groups and fighting between armed groups and government forces in Colombia. 50,000 government forces in Colombia. 50,000 government forces in Colombia. 50,000 people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a graduate student, he and two colleagues graduate student, he and two colleagues graduate student, he and two colleagues were on an expedition in the mountains were on an expedition in the mountains were on an expedition in the mountains of northern Colombia when they were of northern Colombia when they were of northern Colombia when they were seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest Marxist gerilla group. and they didn't Marxist gerilla group. and they didn't Marxist gerilla group. and they didn't believe that we were bird watchers, you believe that we were bird watchers, you believe that we were bird watchers, you know, like that they we were biologists.

know, like that they we were biologists. know, like that they we were biologists. >> While Diego and his colleagues were held >> While Diego and his colleagues were held >> While Diego and his colleagues were held hostage in this remote hideaway and hostage in this remote hideaway and hostage in this remote hideaway and others, burers around the world called others, burers around the world called others, burers around the world called for his release. for his release. for his release. >> And like 99% of all the other >> And like 99% of all the other >> And like 99% of all the other kidnappings in Colombia, it became kidnappings in Colombia, it became kidnappings in Colombia, it became monetary. It became like, okay, let's monetary. It became like, okay, let's monetary. It became like, okay, let's ask for a ransom to your families. I was ask for a ransom to your families. I was ask for a ransom to your families. I was 88 days, 3 months up there. 88 days, 3 months up there. 88 days, 3 months up there. >> How did you stay sane? >> How did you stay sane? >> How did you stay sane? >> Births. I would say >> Births. I would say >> Births. I would say >> you were being held prisoner, >> you were being held prisoner, >> you were being held prisoner, >> but we could see and hear nature. >> but we could see and hear nature. >> but we could see and hear nature. >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on these scraps of cigarette paper. And these scraps of cigarette paper. And these scraps of cigarette paper. And >> I remember I saw for first time one bird >> I remember I saw for first time one bird >> I remember I saw for first time one bird that is called Slatey Brinch and it and that is called Slatey Brinch and it and that is called Slatey Brinch and it and I even made a little drawing and a I even made a little drawing and a I even made a little drawing and a little note like, "Wow, this is my first little note like, "Wow, this is my first little note like, "Wow, this is my first Slatey Brinch kidnapped up there in in Slatey Brinch kidnapped up there in in Slatey Brinch kidnapped up there in in the Perhs." the Perhs." the Perhs." >> His father finally scraped together >> His father finally scraped together >> His father finally scraped together about $30,000 to free him. And three about $30,000 to free him. And three about $30,000 to free him. And three years after his release, Diego started a years after his release, Diego started a years after his release, Diego started a business leading birding tours. business leading birding tours. business leading birding tours. This was one of his favorite places to This was one of his favorite places to This was one of his favorite places to stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama National Park. It's owned by Michelle National Park. It's owned by Michelle National Park. It's owned by Michelle Topasco and her family. She says they Topasco and her family. She says they Topasco and her family. She says they moved here in the 1990s to escape moved here in the 1990s to escape moved here in the 1990s to escape violence by right-wing militias in violence by right-wing militias in violence by right-wing militias in eastern Colombia, eastern Colombia, eastern Colombia, not realizing the left-wing FARC was not realizing the left-wing FARC was not realizing the left-wing FARC was active here.

>> After we got here, we realized that it >> After we got here, we realized that it was the flip side of the coin. There were a lot of confrontations near There were a lot of confrontations near here between the military, the police, here between the military, the police, here between the military, the police, and the gorillas. and the gorillas. and the gorillas. >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and killed her partner. She had five killed her partner. She had five killed her partner. She had five daughters to support and thought about daughters to support and thought about daughters to support and thought about leaving, but decided to stay and build a leaving, but decided to stay and build a leaving, but decided to stay and build a business providing lodging for the business providing lodging for the business providing lodging for the occasional visitor. occasional visitor. occasional visitor. >> When you started this business, did some >> When you started this business, did some >> When you started this business, did some people tell you, "Oh, this is never people tell you, "Oh, this is never people tell you, "Oh, this is never going to work." going to work." going to work." >> Oh. >> Oh. >> Oh. >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was crazy. crazy. crazy. No one would give me a single peso for No one would give me a single peso for No one would give me a single peso for my project. my project. my project. >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the place up and rebranded it as the place up and rebranded it as the place up and rebranded it as the Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Much of the food for guests is grown on Much of the food for guests is grown on Much of the food for guests is grown on the premises, the premises, the premises, and Michelle makes sure there's plenty and Michelle makes sure there's plenty and Michelle makes sure there's plenty of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more than 160 species of these fastmoving than 160 species of these fastmoving than 160 species of these fastmoving flyers. These guys that are the very flyers. These guys that are the very flyers. These guys that are the very only group of birds in the world that only group of birds in the world that only group of birds in the world that can fly not only forward normal but up can fly not only forward normal but up can fly not only forward normal but up down and backwards.

down and backwards. down and backwards. >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast you think? How many times per >> How fast you think? How many times per >> How fast you think? How many times per second is second is second is >> per second? >> per second? >> per second? >> 10 >> 10 >> 10 >> 80 times per second. You cannot you >> 80 times per second. You cannot you >> 80 times per second. You cannot you cannot wrap this idea on your brain. cannot wrap this idea on your brain. cannot wrap this idea on your brain. >> 10 years ago the Colombian government >> 10 years ago the Colombian government >> 10 years ago the Colombian government reached a peace agreement with the FARC reached a peace agreement with the FARC reached a peace agreement with the FARC and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their guns. But for peace to work, they needed guns. But for peace to work, they needed guns. But for peace to work, they needed new ways to make a living. So Diego new ways to make a living. So Diego new ways to make a living. So Diego decided to introduce his former capttors decided to introduce his former capttors decided to introduce his former capttors to birding, thinking some of them might to birding, thinking some of them might to birding, thinking some of them might make good forest guides. make good forest guides. make good forest guides. >> What was it like to go birding with >> What was it like to go birding with >> What was it like to go birding with people who had been in FARC, who had people who had been in FARC, who had people who had been in FARC, who had been combatants, been combatants, been combatants, >> we totally forgot who we were. They >> we totally forgot who we were. They >> we totally forgot who we were. They weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years ago." Birds connect you so much and I ago." Birds connect you so much and I ago." Birds connect you so much and I think they that's why they have this think they that's why they have this think they that's why they have this healing power. Marcos Gua was once a healing power. Marcos Gua was once a healing power. Marcos Gua was once a FARC gorilla. Now he's a photographer. FARC gorilla. Now he's a photographer. FARC gorilla. Now he's a photographer. Thiego helped him get his first job. Thiego helped him get his first job. Thiego helped him get his first job. When he joined us at Tatama, he captured When he joined us at Tatama, he captured When he joined us at Tatama, he captured this video of a green and black fruit this video of a green and black fruit this video of a green and black fruit eater building a nest.

eater building a nest. eater building a nest. >> Did you know anything about birding >> Did you know anything about birding >> Did you know anything about birding before you met Diego? before you met Diego? before you met Diego? >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That was really my introduction to birds. Diego gave us the chance to attend Diego gave us the chance to attend workshops and training sessions. workshops and training sessions. workshops and training sessions. Bird watching became a doorway for us, Bird watching became a doorway for us, Bird watching became a doorway for us, not just into conservation and not just into conservation and not just into conservation and preservation, but also as a way to preservation, but also as a way to preservation, but also as a way to generate income for ourselves. >> Colombia still has plenty of problems. >> Colombia still has plenty of problems. While we were busy birding, bombs went While we were busy birding, bombs went While we were busy birding, bombs went off in Kali and a presidential candidate off in Kali and a presidential candidate off in Kali and a presidential candidate was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 people were killed in an explosion people were killed in an explosion people were killed in an explosion officials blamed on a faction of the officials blamed on a faction of the officials blamed on a faction of the FARC that refused to disarm. FARC that refused to disarm. FARC that refused to disarm. Peace here remains fragile, but more Peace here remains fragile, but more Peace here remains fragile, but more tourists are coming than ever before. tourists are coming than ever before. tourists are coming than ever before. At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. We bonded over a large bird that We bonded over a large bird that We bonded over a large bird that surprised us one morning.

surprised us one morning. surprised us one morning. >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that huge thing. huge thing. huge thing. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Do you see this? It's right there. >> Do you see this? It's right there. >> Do you see this? It's right there. That's a vulture. The black vulture. That's a vulture. The black vulture. That's a vulture. The black vulture. >> Like many serious burers, they have >> Like many serious burers, they have >> Like many serious burers, they have what's called a life list, a count of what's called a life list, a count of what's called a life list, a count of how many of the roughly 11,000 species how many of the roughly 11,000 species how many of the roughly 11,000 species of birds in the world they've seen or of birds in the world they've seen or of birds in the world they've seen or heard. heard. heard. >> Some people collect salt and pepper >> Some people collect salt and pepper >> Some people collect salt and pepper shakers, but we've collect bird shakers, but we've collect bird shakers, but we've collect bird sightings. So, we go around the world to sightings. So, we go around the world to sightings. So, we go around the world to do that. do that. do that. >> How many birds have you seen? >> How many birds have you seen? >> How many birds have you seen? >> We're very close to 8,000. >> We're very close to 8,000. >> We're very close to 8,000. >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority of the birds, like four-fifths of of the of the birds, like four-fifths of of the of the birds, like four-fifths of of the world's birds. If you didn't notice, world's birds. If you didn't notice, world's birds. If you didn't notice, those tattoos on Brook's arms are some those tattoos on Brook's arms are some those tattoos on Brook's arms are some of his feathered favorites. He says of his feathered favorites. He says of his feathered favorites. He says there's about 50 birds tattooed all over there's about 50 birds tattooed all over there's about 50 birds tattooed all over his body. his body. his body. >> This is a satin bower bird from >> This is a satin bower bird from >> This is a satin bower bird from Australia. This is a red crown crane we Australia. This is a red crown crane we Australia. This is a red crown crane we saw in Japan down the first trip. No. saw in Japan down the first trip. No. saw in Japan down the first trip. No. >> On this trip, they were searching for >> On this trip, they were searching for >> On this trip, they were searching for the ever elusive chami antida. In two the ever elusive chami antida. In two the ever elusive chami antida. In two prior trips here, they'd never gotten a prior trips here, they'd never gotten a prior trips here, they'd never gotten a glimpse of one. But this time, they glimpse of one. But this time, they glimpse of one. But this time, they finally heard its call.

finally heard its call. finally heard its call. Let's try. Let's try. Let's try. >> And then it darted right past them so >> And then it darted right past them so >> And then it darted right past them so fast our camera couldn't catch it. fast our camera couldn't catch it. fast our camera couldn't catch it. >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> and being in that moment. Everything >> and being in that moment. Everything >> and being in that moment. Everything else goes away. You're not worrying else goes away. You're not worrying else goes away. You're not worrying about anything else in your life. You're about anything else in your life. You're about anything else in your life. You're only present in that moment. Oh, only present in that moment. Oh, only present in that moment. Oh, >> great. >> great. >> great. >> Most birds don't have it as good as >> Most birds don't have it as good as >> Most birds don't have it as good as those here at Tatama National Park. those here at Tatama National Park. those here at Tatama National Park. Worldwide, 60% of bird species are Worldwide, 60% of bird species are Worldwide, 60% of bird species are declining in population, victims of declining in population, victims of declining in population, victims of logging, agricultural expansion, and logging, agricultural expansion, and logging, agricultural expansion, and economic development. At Montazuma economic development. At Montazuma economic development. At Montazuma Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's working to buy more land to preserve for working to buy more land to preserve for working to buy more land to preserve for the birds. And now her daughters are the birds. And now her daughters are the birds. And now her daughters are pursuing careers in biology, forestry, pursuing careers in biology, forestry, pursuing careers in biology, forestry, birding, and conservation. birding, and conservation. birding, and conservation. >> When you think about it, I mean, did the >> When you think about it, I mean, did the >> When you think about it, I mean, did the birds save you? birds save you? birds save you? >> Save? >> Save? >> Save? >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. They have given me everything I have, They have given me everything I have, They have given me everything I have, everything I am, everything my daughters everything I am, everything my daughters everything I am, everything my daughters are today.

are today. are today. >> Two of your daughters got married. Are >> Two of your daughters got married. Are >> Two of your daughters got married. Are they married to birders? they married to birders? they married to birders? >> See, >> See, >> See, >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, but it seems like here maybe they are. but it seems like here maybe they are. but it seems like here maybe they are. >> See, >> See, >> See, >> I believe so. >> I believe so. >> I believe so. >> On our last day birding, we got to >> On our last day birding, we got to >> On our last day birding, we got to glimpse a species that only lives in glimpse a species that only lives in glimpse a species that only lives in this part of the Andes Mountains, the this part of the Andes Mountains, the this part of the Andes Mountains, the gold ring tanager. gold ring tanager. gold ring tanager. That's the bird of this place. That's That's the bird of this place. That's That's the bird of this place. That's what birders come to see. This type of what birders come to see. This type of what birders come to see. This type of bird is like key stone for dispersing of bird is like key stone for dispersing of bird is like key stone for dispersing of seeds. You know, they will chew on the seeds. You know, they will chew on the seeds. You know, they will chew on the berries. They will travel away from the berries. They will travel away from the berries. They will travel away from the parental plants and they will defecate parental plants and they will defecate parental plants and they will defecate and then they plant those seeds. and then they plant those seeds. and then they plant those seeds. >> A little later, we got an even better >> A little later, we got an even better >> A little later, we got an even better look. The tanner may not be the most look. The tanner may not be the most look. The tanner may not be the most colorful bird in these forests, but just colorful bird in these forests, but just colorful bird in these forests, but just seeing it did feel like an seeing it did feel like an seeing it did feel like an accomplishment. We knew we'd probably accomplishment. We knew we'd probably accomplishment. We knew we'd probably never have the chance to see it again. never have the chance to see it again. never have the chance to see it again. >> Oh wow, that's great. >> Oh wow, that's great. >> Oh wow, that's great. >> Now you belong to a higher cult of >> Now you belong to a higher cult of >> Now you belong to a higher cult of mortals for you have seen the gold ring mortals for you have seen the gold ring mortals for you have seen the gold ring tanager.